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Objectives: To develop an indigenous measure of anger that provides
rapid and thorough assessment of anger expression and its intensity in
children both normal and children with emotional-behavioral problems
especially within Pakistani cultural context.
Method: The study was carried out into 2 phases; in the first phase, a pool
of 81 items was generated while conducting two separate focus groups
with parents and teachers, personal in-depth interviews with twenty
children and four child mental health professionals. In the second
phase, psychometric properties of the scale were determined. A
purposive sample of 405 children with the age range 9 to13 years (M =
11.46, SD = 1.43) were drawn from 2 public and 2 private schools and
from child psychiatric units of three hospitals in Lahore.
Results: Principal Component Analysis with Varimax rotation and Kaisar
normalization generated four factors which were labeled as Externalized
anger, Feeling of rejection, Hostility & Violence, and Internalized anger.
Convergent validity and Cronbach Alpha revealed excellent criterion
related and internal consistency of the scale respectively.
Conclusion: Present study contributed in the development of indigenous
assessment tools for children of Pakistan. Presently no such tool was
available to study anger expression in normal children and children with
emotional-behavioural problems.
Saima Majeed, Prof Farah Malik. (2016) Development and Validation of Indigenous Child Anger Expression Scale, Pakistan Pediatric Journal, Volume 40, Issue 4.
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